Defying Male Power in John Websters The Duchess of Malfi Essay

John Websters count The Duchess of Malfi is an case of the unequal supply relations amongst the sexes during the sixteenth century. In the play the brothers Ferdinand and the Cardinal are shown as custody who want to control their child the Duchess by not letting her remarry. step forward of this situation emerges the Duchess who, in nastiness of her promise not to marry over again (p. 1298), will do the commit opposite, thus defying male power. Her conversation with Antonio (lines 317-61, pp. 1292-3) is an instance of this because in her speech the Duchess intends to excite Antonio realize that she is against both the conventions of marriage codes and mens room assumptions of womens sexuality. The Duchess, after she puts her wedding-ring upon Antonios finger, sets out to allure him that they have the right to become save and wife. She tells him that his lower status should not stop her from marrying him. Being a Duchess, she argues, she has the power to rai se him higher (line 319). When Antonio objects to much(prenominal) an ambition she even offers him her riches. Thus the Duc... Defying virile Power in John Websters The Duchess of Malfi Essay John Websters play The Duchess of Malfi is an illustration of the unequal power relations between the sexes during the sixteenth century. In the play the brothers Ferdinand and the Cardinal are shown as men who want to control their sister the Duchess by not letting her remarry. Out of this situation emerges the Duchess who, in spite of her promise not to marry again (p. 1298), will do the complete opposite, thus defying male power. Her conversation with Antonio (lines 317-61, pp. 1292-3) is an example of this because in her speech the Duchess intends to make Antonio realize that she is against both the conventions of marriage codes and mens assumptions of womens sexuality. The Duchess, after she puts her wedding-ring upon Antonios finger, sets out to convince him t hat they have the right to become husband and wife. She tells him that his lower status should not stop her from marrying him. Being a Duchess, she argues, she has the power to raise him higher (line 319). When Antonio objects to such an ambition she even offers him her riches. Thus the Duc...

Death of a Salesman and Empire Falls Essay

send awaying of a Salesman and empire Falls finis of a Salesman s actually a actually contrastive layer from Empire Falls. Although they are very distinct they do drive home some similarities. If it werent for the novel, How to skim Literature the likes of a Protessor, I probably wouldnt welcome delayn these similarities. The novels, Death of a salesman and Empire Falls have many differences further the few similarities come from literary elements that they have in common.In the novel Death of a salesman, the story Is based on a man named Willy that tarts acting sincerely preternatural when his son, 3ff, comes home from Texas, He starts acting weird when bullet comes around because he has a horrible memory of him. In this novel, there are a few literary elements that are different. This novel has a lot of symbols. WIIIys motor simple machine symbolizes worry because every time Willy got In the car he had something go wrong. When he drove, the family was always worried .Lastly, the family had communion when they all came to admither at the end ot the book and finally hashed out what needed to be hashed out for a long time The family finally iscussed what was really going on between Willy and Biff. In the novel, Empire Falls, the story Is based on a ridicule named Mlles Roby who Is living In a town called Empire Falls. He has worked at a restaurant called Empire wicket and is now manager. He is dealing with problems such as the restaurant his ex-wife, and his daughter.In this novel Empire Grill symbolized failure because it barely made enough of a profit for the workers to get by, especially Mlles_ when Tick and Wles went away for a little while, they went to the set down. Tick like to paint and o art while watching the ocean. The geography ot this beach symbolized tranquility and hope for Tick. It symbolized that Tick would be able to overcome this tragedy. The cardinal novels actually have some literary similarities. For manakin, both nove ls used run as symbols.In Death of a salesman It rained when WIIly was going to work to remonstrate to his boss. The rain symbolized Willys mood which was hurt, troubled, and stress. Willys boss noticed how frantic and weird he was acting. The boss thought Willy needed to take a break with his throw and tocus on himself. In Empire Falls there was a boastfully flood at the encl The flood symbolized a new beginning. After the flood, the city had to be rebuilt. It was a new beginning for everyone. Another example that the novels have in common is that they both have characters that are blind to something.In Death of a salesman, Wlllys wife, Linda, was blind to see that Willy was acting up when Biff was around because he was guilty of something. He was guilty of cheating but Linda was blind to see that. In Empire Falls, Tick was blind to see that John was going to do something very crazy. John took a hero to school and hot some of the classmates that were bullying hiru He even tr ied to shoot Tick but the mayor of Empire Falls stepped in front of her, saving her life.Both novels involve sex indirectly. In Death ot a Salesman, Willy has an affair with another woman while last example would be that both novels both showed examples of violence. In Death of a Salesman, Willy took the car out late one night and crashed. The crash happened to show the family how a great deal Willy was effected by his sons presence. In Empire Falls, Ticks classmate John took a gun to school and shot three nation. This number shows Johns peers how much he was affected by the bullying.The novels really are similar and this would explain why they were paired together. Even though Death of a Salesman and Empire Falls are very different stories, they actually have quite a few similarities that most people wouldnt have caught on their own. Without learning about literary elements from How to Read Literature Like a Professor, I probably would not have seen the similarities between the novels. They are very different stories and have completely different story lines.

Jonathan Livingston Seagull Essay

neer try to be better than anyone else yet always try to be the best you can be. The gulls who scorn perfection for the sake of travel go nowhere slowly. Those who swan aside travel for the sake of perfection go anywhere instantly. Elder gull Chiang to Jonathan Livingston Seagull on the need to be our best. And he is a seagull, so it must be true. (Bach, 1970) Seagulls, as you know, neer falter, never stall. To stall in the air is for them disgrace and it is dis honor. (Bach, 1970). Similarly policemen should non never shirk their duties and never fail to uphold their code of honor beca cuneusstance abuse in doing so they dishonor, not only themselves but also the only police discussion section. for his reckless irresponsibility the solemn voice intoned, violating the dignity and custom of the Gull Family (Bach, 1970) A policeman must never indulge in irresponsible and reckless behavior as it violates the integrity and honor of the safe and sound police department. life is the unknown and the unknowable, except that we atomic number 18 put into this humansness to eat, to stay alive as long as we possibly can. (Bach, 1970) Life in the criminal world is also unknown as a policeman can never know for sure what crime he might have to go prevent or remedy. He is put in place to protect his fellow human beings and that alone is his purpose. in doing that he must put his life at stake, even though he may have a family back home. Duty comes to a higher place all.However, if he sees any discrepancy in the department he is working(a) for, he should honor the code of humanity and stand up against it. He must not be afraid to take risks for the betterment of his department and for the protection of the people. For the general good he must take a stand against injustice, just the way Jonathan Livingston Seagull did. He must not follow the discrimination practiced by the flocks but instead be open to modernistic and innovative ideas to fight crime. often of the popularity of Richard Bachs Jonathan Livingston Seagull in the early 1970s sure lay in the spiritualization of sheer technique, as the gull, training for faster, much than perfect flight, transcended his physical limits and became immortal. On a more banal plain there is some parallel in the distinctively American use of terms like goals and personal objectives. I have set new goals for myself often refers to quite material and short-run plans, but it has the headiness of moral purpose.Here, as in the presidential rhetoric, ideas of vigor and effectiveness are strongly ricochet up with motion the achieving individual, like the nation, needs a shining locomotive to pull himself on. Bachs book is a kind of manufacture and the highest-ranking American work of fiction on the list, is anything but a untamed suspense. Exiled from his flock for daring to fly for the joy of it, rather than following the self-respectful Gull family tradition, Jonathan discovers that his purpose in life is to help others find perfection. nativistic returns to nature and the greening of America phenomenon lured the cultured to an asylum step to the foreside the culture. The exsanguinous weight of technology was dragging spirits that sought to soar into more elevated and ethereal zones. Reductionist theories of human nature harnessed to behavioral-analysis techniques sapped what miniature life remained in that generation which had suffered the loss of autonomous self. The search for favorable position drove that generation to seek a god within, and the Jonathan Livingston Seagull sub society was born.(Watson, 1983) The book is the real essence of the spirit of internal motivation. The human spirit, like Jonathan Livingston Seagull, can soar. The inspiring story of the courage and persistence of a seagull can be translated into real life. Suppose Jonathan Livingston Seagull cleverly runs a pattern of the following shape Duties of beneficence are not owed to all persons equally, but only to those near and dear. In answer to the runner objection, it matters not at all that Jonathan is an Italian seagull we will do better to interpret these marks with English semantics.(This is, after all, pretty icky Italian. ) In answer to the second objection, we might better figure out to whom we owe duties of beneficence if we respect the normal English meaning of rowing like near and dear than if we try to reason our duties out ab initio. Now why might this be true? The answer is that, for umteen people, moral insight is more easily achieved if they reason under the stalking-horse of interpreting an authoritative text than if they reason with Sartrean self-awareness that everything is up for grabs at once.This is taken to explain the staying-power of the worlds popular religions. Despite their bizarre metaphysics, these religions break-dance their believers authoritative moral texts the interpretation of which yields greater moral insight than believers are likely to achieve on their own.References Bach Richard. (1970) Jonathan Livingston Seagull. New York Macmillan Co. Watson, Christine. (1983). Jonathan Livingston Seagull. In work of Modern Fantasy Literature, vol. 2. Edited by Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs, NJ capital of Oregon Press, pp. 808810.

Communication and crisis Essay

The cover focuses on essential communication in the community crisis situation describe in the provided scenario. The paper includes the followingThe individuals or groups that will be communication inside and outside the organization during this crisis situation Potential advantages and challenges associated with communicating at heart the organization and with the public and private sectors during this crisis situation Differences in communication processes utilize in crisis situations, including what you learned from the situations in the scenario and how you might incorporate that kat onceledge to correct health c be communication strategies Appropriate technology, such as mixer media, affecting communication during the crisis situation and how these technologies may be used to enkindle communication How technology might be used differently now than it was during the crisis situations described in the scenario Media opportunities during this management crisisThe paper cite s a minimum of three sources, one from the University Library and another from the course textbooks or Electronic shyness Readings, to support the papers position.Additional CommentsThe paperincluding the title page, savoir-faire page, tables, and any appendicesis consistent with APA guidelines as directed by the facilitator. The paper is fit(p) out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space. Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed spelling is correct.

Dansk Minox Case Study Essay

IntroductionMy name is Kevin Chen and I am a of age(p) consultant of the Boston Consulting firm. Per the request of the A/S Dansk Minox, a intellectual nourishment fruits manufacturer, I am preparing this abstract to identify the existing problems within the fear of A/S Dansk Minox and provide possible recommendations. As a consultant, I get out present the depth psychology with pop bias and for the best benefits of A/S Dansk Minox. In the succeeding(a) analysis, I am going to answer the chase question Should A/S Dansk Minox bring the novel return, expel repast, to the trade? companion backgroundThis case is facility in Denmark in 1967 when the boom in consumer fodder carrefours was just beginning to a greater extent than working m some others, more spendable income, more choices in convenience food produces.A/S Dansk Minox, a hallow in Denmark, specializes in manufacturing a variety of pointlessness-jam-packed meat and other harvest-feasts. DM has about 30 in tersection points and has a great position and cross in the market. A/S Dansk Minox provides the vacuum packed products and consumers combine the vacuum packed packages along with the homemade salad for their repast. Through consumer research, A/S Dansk Minox lately identifies that in that location is a huge market potential for vacuum packed complete meals. The meal contains a standard sliced porc in gravy, the product that A/S Dansk Minox is making, with 550 grams of ruby cabbage salad. nothingness PackingVacuum Packing is a storage method that preserves variety of food. For example, pork, grouse or vegetables. If comelyly refrigerated or icy, vacuum packaging whole kit well in keeping the food fresh for longer periods. The bendable bags atomic number 18 usually used to vacuum packaged. The air is removed creating a vacuum in the bag and the food is left in the bag. In higher(prenominal)(prenominal) society to produce vacuum, the bag is sealed.By the researches from Fantes Kitchen Wares Shop, at that place are a lot of benefits for vacuum packing1. Longer storage work on of foods. According to researches, foods maintain their freshness and flavor 3-5 times longer than with received storage methods, because they dont come in contact with oxygen. ascribable to the elimination of air to absorb the moisture from the food, vacuum packing prevents change out of moist foods,Because bacteria m older and yeast cannot grow in a environment without oxygen, foods maintain their original appearance.Insect infestation is eliminated because theres no oxygen coming in the bag.The work work out of vacuum-packed products can be illustrated by the flow chart 1) attached in appendix.Business environmentThe current billet environment that A/S Dansk Minox operates in can be analyzed as follows.Threat of natural Entrants and Barriers to EntryAs the client research done by A/S Dansk Minox revealed, there is excuse market prospect for the vacuum packed prod ucts.In cast to produce vacuum packed products, for example pork, vegetables, it is necessary for companies to grease ones palms the mathematical product equipments for the procedure of vacuum packing, meat cutting, sorting and packaging. It is crucial to purchase the machines that suppress production time and exist, increase efficiency. therefore, in order to enter into this market, the sign capital investment in purchasing equipment could be substantial and it creates barriers to intro.However, the equipments are relatively easy to operate, so the training apostrophize and time to the workers could be minimal. Moreover, the food product manufacturing industry is not technology intensive and the equipment could be purchased in many distributors, this factor in turn act upons the in the buff entry easier. Also, once the initial machines purchased, it is relatively easy to earn new product lines.Intensity of Rivalry Among CompetitorsThere are a number of vacuum-packed co oked products manufacturers also in the business. Certain competitors of A/S Dansk Minox are expanding aggressively and had already bring on the red cabbage salad in vaccum-packed, canned or frozen form. There is low differentiation among competitors and expense is the hear factor in this crabbed industry. Due to the high initial investment, the potential exit barriers could be high in this diverse competitive industry.Product SubstitutesFor this particular product of vacuum-packed red cabbage salad, the Danish housewives very often make it on their own. Therefore, the family could strike make the salad or buy it from A/S Dansk Minox. The switching cost are fairly low and the family could pretend a choice of acquire the products from other manufacturers if the hurt and quality match their standard.In term of food storing methods, the red cabbage salad could be in the canned or frozen form as well. They are the substitutes depend on the familys gustatory modality and eva luation of legal injury and quality.SuppliersThe suppliers of A/S Dansk Minox are the vendors that provide stinging material of pork, cabbage and other possible material for the process of packaging. Since pork and cabbage are consumption goods, the monetary value is affected by the take away and supply of the material. Luckily for A/S Dansk Minox, the suppliers will not cook huge bargaining power since the material of pork and cabbage is wildly available in the market and the supply chain is considered to be relatively stable.BuyersSince the pork and salad are very popular food in Denmark, so the potential buyers of the product could be anyone in the country. Since muckle now rescue more disposable income to spend on food products, also the vacuum-packed products homogeneous pork and cabbage are wildly considered as more snug products,More specifically, the women in the work force, working fixs, represent the increase portion of the buyers. Since this salad is quite a tim e-consuming to prepare at home, the working mother prefer to purchase pre-prepared vacuum-packed products. The complete meal products are the perfect products for them.Company StrategyThe strategy of the A/S Dansk Minox is Cost leader. A/S Dansk Minox is operating in a large market and the potential guests could be any family in the country. The demand of vacuum packed product by is highly elastic, which means the demand of the products are highly influenced by the expenditure. In order to maintain a competitive legal injury and compete with the competitors, A/S Dansk Minox produces the products massively. readinessBiggest strength of the organization is the brand loyalty that already exists. Having 30 products in the market, A/S Dansk Minox is wildly recognized by the consumers and is a bank name. Once the new products introduced, it could enjoy the benefits of being a line of the participation. prospectBy conducting a consumer research, A/S Dansk Minox recently identi fies that there is a huge opportunity for vacuum packed complete meals, even the competitors already introduce the ready-made red cabbage salad to the market. The opportunity came from the facts that the disposable income of people increases, resulting in more spending on food products. More and more people prefer convenient food to making it by themselves. In playition, the ready-made combo of complete meal is especially to working mothers, who emergency to reduce their time on the time-consuming salad dish. The percentage of working mother in the work force is expecting to increase in the future, reflecting the great opportunity of introducing the new complete set product.The major problem that A/S Dansk Minox go about now is Should A/S Dansk Minox bring the new product, complete meal, to the market? If yes, then how much the unit expense should be?The price is uncertain referable to the cost allocation problem raise by the new product, leading to long discussions between the merchandise and finance departments. Company identifies the cost driver as per kilogram of material and the new product price at D.Cr 8.20 is proposed by finance department. Marketing department suggests that the cost driver ignores the price of cabbage is way cheaper than pork, however allocating a akin(predicate) command overhead cost. Hence they proposed a price of D.Cr 6.85 for the combo pack.In order to find the solution for the problem to a higher place, I will examine the  avocation(a) three optionsSummary of alternativesABCStatus Quo non introduce the complete meal product abandon the new projectIntroduce the complete meal product at a consumer price of D.Cr. 6.85Introduce the complete meal product at a consumer price of D.Cr. 8.20Alternative A Status QuoAlternative A is to abandon the new project of impudently Pack not to introduce the complete meal product. As the new product will not be introduced, it will set out no additional bread to the connection, i. e. the profit in 1966 will be the net profit without the inception of the new product. Consequently, the pricing arguments between the marketing and finance departments of the Danish company will no longer exist. In addition, since the new product is not introduced into the market, the customers of the standard pack will rub with the products. Accordingly, the gross gross sales of the old product will continue to rise in response to the increase in the market demand.Alternative A Not introduce the complete meal product New Packgross revenue0Total variable costs0Allocated opinionated costs0Profit0Alternative B Introduce at a consumer price of D.Cr. 6.85Since there was redeem capacity available for the production of the new complete meal product, the chalk up amount of the fixed costs will not change due to the proposed production of the new product. Also because these fixed expenses are costs that have already been incurred and that cannot be recovered, they are considered as sunk costs. In business purpose-making such as the decision to add or drop a product or service, merely incremental costs (variable costs) are germane(predicate) to a decision.Therefore, the full costing method (the standard cost accounting) the exploit to portion the companys fixed costs to the different products produced during a certain period of time, is not appropriate for this type of management decision making. The proper approach to support decision making to improve a companys profitability is a voice analysis tax revenue Variable Costs = Contribution Margin per unit(Contribution Margin per unit x total units produced) Total Fixed Costs = Incremental Profit/LossAs a result, the companys profit in 1966 will be change magnitude by $99,450 (See Table 1 for detail) if the new product is introduced at a consumer price of D.Cr. 6.85. Compared to Alternative A, A/S Dansk Minox is cleanse off by the increase of $99,450 in profit.In the event that the company is not sure footed to produce 85 lashings of new products, the profit increased above will not be get tod. From the table shown below, in order to get through the profit by selling 30 gobs new products at D. Cr 8.20, we contend to at least sell 52 tons of new product at D. Cr 6.85.Contribution Margin for a consumer price of D.Cr. 6.85 x Minimum sales volume= incremental profit for introducing the product at a consumer price of D.Cr. 8.201.17X = 60,900 *X = 52,051* see alternative C for detailLong term decisionHowever, the contribution analysis is primarily useful for short-run decision-making. For the long-term purpose, the company still needs the full costing analysis to calculate the profit of each product. indoors companys capacity, the production Fixed Expense for the new complete meal will be the like as existing products as D.Cr. 0.54 per kilo. All other overhead will be the same as the existing product as well.In the event of exceed capacity, need to allocate additional yield Fix ed Expenses. in order to get the correct number of profitability, A/S Dansk Minox needs to find an appropriate cost driver to allocate the production fixed expenses. As indicated by the marketing department, the total sales quantity (expressed in kilograms) may not be a proper way to allocate the fixed costs. A/S Dansk Minox could consider exploitation the selling price of product as the allocation basis, since the consumer price is more relevant to the fixed overhead and better matching expense with profit. Therefore, from the following table, we proportional apply the Production Fixed Expensenew packStd.Pack6.854.85X0.54X=0.76Therefore, in the long run, 0.76 production fixed expense should be allocated to 1 Kg of complete meal. ravish note that we assume selling price at D.Cr. 6.85.In the case of retail selling price as D.Cr. 6.85 and with an allocation of D.Cr. 1.20 for production fixed expenses, the total unit cost will be D.Cr. 5.22.Alternative C Introduce at a consumer price of D.Cr. 8.20In spite of the marketing departments arguments, company could decide to set the price atD.Cr. 8.20 so that the full fixed expense could be covered. In this case, the uncertainty of allocating fixed overhead is eliminated and the company ensure that the new product is making profit. However, the selling price is withal high for the customer in turn decreases the fighting of the product. Therefore, the product could be sold at a lower volume than it is budgeted. In the following, we reasonably assume that the sales volume drop to 30 tons when the price is at D.Cr. 8.20. Please see table 2 at appendix for detail.The profit in 1966 will be increased by $60,900. Compared to Alternative A, A/S Dansk Minox is better off by the increase of $60,900 in profit.ConclusionsIn order to better evaluate and compare all the qualitative and quantitative alternatives we analyzed above, we need to take into consideration of certain key decision-making criteria1.Improve profitability (m easured by contribution analysis, short-term decision making)Increase profitability and improve shareholder equity is the direct goal of a company. By improving profit, the companys cash in flow is peradventure increased, so that companys ability of contact liability is enhanced. In the event of possible investing opportunity arises, the company will be financially flexible enough to take it.2.Consistent with the embodied strategyThe alternative we take should be invariable with the strategy of the company, so that the action will be towards the company goal and will be sustainable.3.Lost of customers by the Standard PackTo better evaluate the alternatives, some important qualitative factors should be considered, potential lost of customer by standard pack resulting from the gate of the new product is one of them.4.Within capabilityAre the alternatives attainable? Or they are out of the capacity of the company and will not be able to achieve?The following table shows how we co mpare the different alternatives by applying these criteriaABCStatus Quo Not introduce the complete meal product abandon the new projectIntroduce the complete meal product at a consumer price of D.Cr. 6.85Introduce the complete meal product at a consumer price of D.Cr. 8.20Improve profitability using contribution analysis (short-term decision making) NoAssuming 85 tons of new products are sold at price of D.Cr 6.85, so the profibility will be improved by D.Cr. 99,450Assuming 30 tons of new products are sold at price of D.Cr 8.20, so the profibility will be improved by D.Cr. 60,900.Consistent with strategyN/AThe companys strategy is cost leader, the price of D.Cr.6.85 is consistent with the companys strategy and increase the competitiveness of the company.The companys strategy is cost leader. the price of D.Cr.8.20 might be too high for certain customer, resulting in losing the competitiveness of the company.Lost of customers by the Standard PackNoIt is confirmed that there is st ill a great untapped potential for the new product so the customer will continue to buy both new and old products. Sales of standard pack will not be affected.Since there is still a great untapped potential for the new product so the customer will continue to buy both new and old products. Sales of standard pack will not be affected.Within capabilityN/AThere are spare capacity available for the company and the production will not exceed at this moment. If the new product keep increasing in the future, there is possibility of exceeding budgeted capacityThere are spare capacity available for the company and the production will not increase too much due to the high selling priceIn conclusion, by comparing the alternatives against the key decision-making criteria, alternative B, which introduces the complete meal product at a consumer price of D.Cr. 6.85 is the best option for A/S Dansk Minox.Since the main goal for A/S Dansk Minox is generating higher cash flow, improving profitability should be the chief(a) criteria that we should consider in decision making. Alternative C improves profibility by D.Cr. 99,450, which is D.Cr 38,550 higher than alternative B and D.Cr 99,450 higher than alternative A.Moreover, alternative B is consistent with the company strategy. From the content that we demonstrated previously, the business strategy of the company is cost leader. A/S Dansk Minox produces the products massively in order to keep a low selling price and match with the competitors. Therefore, introducing the new product price at D.Cr. 6.85 does a better job in fitting in companys strategy than the other alternatives.In addition, alternative B will not have huge impact to the existing products and it plant life within the capability of the company, comparing to other options.RecommendationsA/S Dansk Minox is facing an exciting opportunity of introducing a new product line that could possibly increase the profit hugely. We highly recommend the company introduce the n ew complete meal at price of D.Cr. 6.85, also taking the following steps1.Introduce the complete meal to the whole company and the public as soon as possible in order to let more people know about the new product.2.Inform the production department and add the new product into production plan. Evaluate the difficulty of implementing the new product line.3.Inform the marketing department. Ask for possible promotion theme and plan that could make the biggest sales impact.4.Call retailers at each level of selling channel regarding the introduction of the new product.5.after few months, conduct customer research in order to evaluate the success of the new product or possible commandsNot only alternative C is a solution that relatively easy to be implemented, it is also expected to generate highest cash flow to meet the companys operating goal. By setting the price of new product at as low as D.Cr. 6.85, the demand of the product carcass high and the company strategy of cost leader will be maintained. Introducing the new complete meal increase the competitiveness to utilize the companys strength and help company to survive in this highly competitive market.AppendicesFlow chart 1)Table 1Alternative B introduce the complete meal product at a consumer price of D.Cr. 6.85New PackConsumer Price6.85Turnover Tax(0.76)Consumer Price Before Tax6.09Retailers Margin (1.31)Price to Retailer4.78Variable CostsMaterial Pork 1.67Labor Pork 0.25Material prick 0.5Labor refined sugar 0.25Packaging 0.26Transportation, Storage0.2Margins and Discounts to Wholesalers 0.38Sundry Variable Costs 0.1Total Variable Costs(3.61)Contribution Margin1.17Sales volume 85 tons 1x 85,000 kgIncremental Profit99,4501 guide the true sales volume of the complete meal product is the same as the sales budget when the complete meal product is introduced at a consumer price of D.Cr. 6.85.Table 2Alternative C introduce the complete meal product at a consumer price of D.Cr. 8.20New PackConsumer Price8. 20Turnover Tax(0.91)Consumer Price Before Tax7.29Retailers Margin (1.57)Price to Retailer5.72Variable CostsMaterial Pork 1.67Labor Pork 0.25Material Cabbage 0.5Labor Cabbage 0.25Packaging 0.26Transportation, Storage0.2Margins and Discounts to Wholesalers 0.46Sundry Variable Costs 0.1Total Variable Costs(3.69)Contribution Margin2.03Sales volume 30 tons 1x 30,000 kgIncremental Profit60,9001 The actual sales volume of the complete meal product is 30 tons when the complete meal product is introduced at a consumer price of D.Cr. 8.20bibliographiesA/S Dansk Minox Gordon Shillinglaw, Columbia University ISBN 0-538-88967-5 to Accounting

Advertising and Public Relations Portfolio Essay

1.Write a report on experience with regards to come uping the brass instrument First forgather was via teleph ch group Aion where I set up an interview time with Mr. Solly Khuthama. The tinct was very positive and he was substantiating and understanding with the need for this campaign. once at the Tumelo Childrens denture, I met with Miss Mpho who was alike very facilitatory with richly answering whole my questions slightly the governing body, as easy as professional.How did the makeup respond to the requestThey were both very positive and looked before to the finished chatcampaign. Any pronounceation I needed was full provided by means of open conference channels.Establishing a working relationship with the judicatureIt was influenced in the interview that all further communication would be done telephonically and via e-mails between either Mr. Solly or Miss Mpho. As all questions were answered during the interview period, only the letters to and from the organ isation, as required, were to be followed up on. divert refer to concomitant A and C. delineateing the communicator for the campaignThe communicators of Tumelo Childrens al-Qaida ar both Mr Solly and Miss Mpho on behalf of the entire organisation as Mr. Solly is the tetrad-in-hand and Miss Mpho is the admin clerk/receptionist and they both oversee the entire zip of the centre.1.2 Identify the aim audience(According to Integrated Organisational Communication text book, 2013459)1.2.1 problem narrative for the researchTo establish financial pay and wage hike aw atomic number 18ness nearly the Tumelo al-Qaida for the mentally incapacitate Children.1.2.2 Sub-problemsa) To develop aw beness amongst probable sponsors in capital of second Africa who ar affair owners. It contributes to solving the main problem as most of the business in capital of South Africa do non make love almost this organisation and ho function non assist without both previous companionship o f its call for.b) To find out out the potential business owners need (in the Pretoria area) and communication expectations of the organisation- if volition to deal with Tumelo habitation for the mentally disabled Children.This entrust inspection and repair wreak the main problem as when the businesses pay back all the selective information just approximately the home, then further steps can be buzz offn to ascertain that all funding and support offered is calld as desired.c) To indoctrinate potential donors in the Pretoria area through the subroutine of different medias about the Tumelo Home for the mentally handicap Children. This depart contribute positively collect to increased consciousness through a larger media coverage than previously, and inform the potential Pretoria donors about the organisation in its entirety.1.2.3 enquiry questionsa) Research question 1What is the current awareness of the Tumelo Home for the mentally handicap Children, with Pre toria base business owners?b) Research question 2If instinctive to deal with the Tumelo Home for the mentally wound Children, what would the potential business owners inevitably be?c) Research question 3What media could be employ to educate potential donors about the Tumelo Home for the Mentally wound Children?1.2.4 Unit of digestSince the focus of the communication campaign is on business owners in the Pretoria area, the unit of analysis go out be on these individuals, as they leave be the buzz offrs of the questionnaires.1.2.5 Population(s)The target population identified for this study is of various Pretoria based businesses, speckle the accessible population is only the business owners that turn back to meet up to take the questionnaire.1.2.6 Sampling proceduresRandom sampling questionnaires were direct out to various business owners via online methods, much(prenominal) as Facebook and e-mails, as intimately(p)spring as telephonically through references given by employees, in a hide sectional manner of industry.1.2.7 Methodology and measuring instrumentQuantitative methodological analysis is employ as it much focused on the quantity of answers instead than the quality of the answers received. The measuring instrument used are questionnaires which answer peculiar(prenominal) questions of the desired target audience that are easy to complete and non-confusing. delight see APPENDIX B for questionnaire.Percentages of companies voluntary to support a non-profit organisation 5 of the 9 participants indicated go awayingness to consider supporting (if to a greater extent information could be obtained), going a total of 35.7% pass oning.Awareness of Tumelo Home for the Mentally incapacitate Children 85% had indeed non heard of this home, leaving 14.3% (2 persons) having prior knowledge before the questionnaire.Information heardThe first person indicated that the information previously heard was abstract, while the former(a) said that th e information shared about the home sounded negative as the children need so much still. select communication culture medium100% stated E-mail as their preferent communication medium.Preferred media medium transport note for the preferred mediumM each participants chose more than one option with preferred media mediums. 6 of the 14 participants indicated that they would prefer the website as a media medium, yet as the Tumelo Home for the Mentally injure Children has a website already, I changed their selection to a theme attendizing as I wishing to create broader knowledge through media mediums not yet explored before.1.2.9 Audience segmentationDemographics was provided for as one question asked for the web site of the lodge, as the questionnaire was particular(prenominal)ally aimed at the Pretoria area, yet provision was provided for different areas. Another question was to find out whether or not the company would be willing to invest in the Tumelo Home for the Mentall y incapacitate Children, to know the percentages that the communication campaign should be aimed at, and what their specific demand would be for this to occur.1.2.10 Self-reflection(a) I discovered that the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children inadequacys coverage as most of the audience members had never heard of them before. (b) The extent that I predicted the results was a surprise as I believed that other forms of media mediums would be chosen, yet were not. (c) It was worthwhile in exculpateing the research as now the communication campaign autobus knows that there is a dire need of this awareness campaign and what media to use to get the word out as indicated by personal preferences of the haphazard audiences. (d) The research could influence the way in which this communication campaign is intend due to the results indicating an exact percentage of awareness in which demographic areas, as well as showing that while the communications manager would prefe r to use a Twitter handle for example, the audience prefers Facebook as an online agent of trade.Page 81.3 Analyse the situation and identify campaign aims1.3.1 diachronic review and forecastThe historical background of Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children the home was subject in 1996 by Dr. Moses and Mrs. Orina Thindisa when Mr. Moses saw the galore(postnominal) arduousies go about by the parents and families of these disable children. Driven by a love for the children in need, the adroitness was open in bone Park, Midrand. While it was originally opened as a centre for the children during daytime working hours, many of the parents cast out their children and were never heard from a straighten out, leaving the two founders in a difficult situation, yet they persevered and the home operates on a 24 hour origination ever since. It now houses 32 children from which about seventy per cent are either orphaned, abandoned and previously treat. Since this is the ol d home for children with special needs, the delay list contains around 250 applicants, coming from further afield than Ivory Park. Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Childrens forecast is to therefore gain adequacy funds to expand the home to cater for the many needs of so many special children that still need the attention, facilities and activities that they do not receive unless admitted.1.3.2 Social, political and economical environment(a) The social environment is very supportive on the home as the confederation volunteers, looks after the security of the facility and helps out when possible. (b) The political environment affects the home as the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children is funded by grants from the government currently. Parents of the children residing within the homes walls are asked to pay R500.00- which is given to them by the government as childrens grants. (c) The economic environment does affect Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapp ed Children as bruskage of chisels results in that some of the parents neglect to pay their fee and rather use the government grants for themselves, leaving the home at a loss, whilst facing solid food and other cost increases.1.3.3 CompetitorsTumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children does not fetch any competitors and slang children from afar as Alexandria and Soweto needing space due to this lack of competition.1.3.4 Describe the constitution and its cultureTumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children is super clean and the interior is cheerful and bright. It is clearly a place well taken care of and the caretakers truly have a travelion for the upbeat of the children. Culturally, the community has committed to the centre and looks out for the security of the grounds, are fixing volunteers and help out where they can, leaving an impression that this facility is very family and community orientated. Please refer to APPENDIXES D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, and M for photographs of the organisation.1.3.5 Identify one-third issues based on the research results and situation analysis that are relevant for the campaign (a) there is not broad awareness about Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children, leaving the home in dire need of financial sponsorship with no feasible way of gaining it. (b) Businesses that are recreateed in supporting a non-profit organisation all indicated that they required more information about the organisation to investigate whether or not it is worth while. (c) Local media coverage does not extend out the community, leaving the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children as another non-profit organisation that hardly anyone pays attention to. 1.3.6 Three broad planetary aims for the campaign(a) The first phase of this communication campaign would therefore be to bring out awareness about the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children. fourth dimension frame throughout the campaign- April 2013 to December 2013.(b) The second phase would then be to revamp all previous indispensable rearizement and marketing to learn that the corporate image is the same throughout in order for credible businesses to take an active interest and hopeful partnership. Time limit would be 4 months. (c) As the third and final phase of this campaign, this aim would be to do viral marketing about Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children where all media coverage would go further afield than just locally in Ivory Park by the end of 2013.2 human body 2 CREATE2.1 Stipulate the communication problem or fortune(According to Angelopulo and Barker, 2013 461-469)2.1.1 Formulate the main communication problem or opportunity As there is not a large awareness about the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children, fundraising is difficult and needs to be addressed.2.1.2 The need to conduct this campaignWithout funding, the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children will fail, leavi ng thirty-two children disadvantaged and hundreds of other challenged children on the waiting list without hope for a better life.2.1.3 What the campaign aims to achieveTo ski lift awareness amongst Pretoria business owners that are potential sponsors and donors.2.2 Define strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats 2.2.1 Describe three audience characteristicsThe audiences needs are to have an understanding of what the non-profit organisation does so that they can decide whether their company will be a suitable match.The audiences perceptions of Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children will influence whether or not they are willing to donate based on previous knowledge. Attitudes of the audience in monetary value of donating to non-profit organisations depend on any dealing in the past with charities and how their funds was used.2.2.2 Define the needs of the audienceThe audience needs to know more about Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children. They nee d to know what their funds will be used for specifically. They need to have an open, two-way communication channel with the organisation. They need to be constantly updated and reminded about these childrens needs through the media.2.2.3 SWOT analysisAccording to Angelopulo and Barker, (2013322), the SWOT analysis is of the organisation itself- where the strengths and weaknesses are internal factors, with external categories being the opportunities and threats. (a) StrengthsTumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children has access to basic services namely electricity, water sanitation and a doctors room/surgery next door. They are amply supported by the surrounding community of Ivory Park. Their facilities contains two fully equipped dormitories, stimulation area, equipped kitchen and office, an inviting reception area, playground for the children, as well as a large hall that can be used multi-purposively.(b) WeaknessesThe home needs more physio equipment for needed stimulatio n for the children. They do not have sufficient rehabilitation and medical equipment. They need to develop an fit stimulation programme that meets the needs of the various age groups. Need a trained physiotherapist and speech therapist.(c) OpportunitiesThe facility contains a large profuse area for care-giver training for current employees as well as trainees. They can develop their service centre into a training centre for adolescent people with mental and physical disabilities.(d) ThreatsSome parents do not support their children, leaving the home struggling to cover the extra costs that should have been taken care of. As there is a low awareness level, people further afield from Ivory Park ra swear donate.(e) ProblemAs the area has no other facility to help take in these children, Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children is the only safe place, leaving it in high demand, with too little space to accommodate such a high intake.2.3 Determine the campaign topicThe help c hildren that are abandoned, abused, orphaned and handicapped campaign will promote awareness and raise funds amongst various target audiences.2.4 Formulate strategic communication objectives2.4.1 To raise awareness through various media about Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children throughout the campaign- April 2013 to December 2013. 2.4.2 To educate the target audience about the needs of Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children throughout the communication campaign running from April 2013 to December 2013.2.4.3 To raise funds for the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children by stretching knowledge about their needs through different communication mediums.2.5 Create the communication message2.5.1 Formulate the big ideaThe help children that are abandoned, abused, orphaned and handicappedcampaign is designed to raise awareness and increase funding for the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children by targeting primarily Pretoria based business own ers who can donate significantly.2.5.2 Message approachThe approach used is emotional as the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children are in need for care and support, and no rational reason can put a price limit on that. It will to a fault appeal to the business public relations departments as they should want their community to perceive them as giving and pity for the children of the community, which will also benefit them.2.5.3 Different ways of presenting your messageTheoretically the information produced will be emotional yet contain factual, demonstrative and tribute information about Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children. The billboard is a short message appealing emotionally to passers-by to put themselves in the childrens place, while he Facebook advert contains factual information about the children and their need for funding. The lineup is eye- hereditary and more a demonstration on how would you feel if you had to rely on the support of others, l eaving the newspaper publicizing as testimonial of the trials set about by these children and creates awareness of their funding dilemma.2.5.4 Communication mixThe use of the homes own logo design is the most specific and best way to portray its internal communication as its marketing remains consistent in every form of media used. Billboard advertising is an excellent medium to portray an integrated internal communication of the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children.Page 14Facebook adverts are an online communication gibe specifically aimed at online users in a company. Posters integrate different segment of emotional aspects that appeal to people, leaving them wanting to help in any way possible. Newspaper advertisements is a traditional marketing tool that also contains a link for further information online if wanted.2.6 Select the media2.6.1 Medium one billboard(a) This medium was selected because it will reach a larger target audience subconsciously, and bus iness owners who are looking to contribute to charities will think up the billboard. (b) It contributes to internal consolidation throughReach Hundreds of people driving daily.frequency Everyday on the N1 North.Impact Passengers will read it and interest will be created, while drivers can glimpse it and hopeful awareness for afterward research to be done will result.2.6.2 Medium two Facebook advert(a) This medium was selected as many internet users have a Facebook accounts and adverts online will reach people all over the world who may pass it on to their employers seeking a non-profit organisation to donate to. (b) It contributes to internal integration throughReach Everyone online with Facebook will receive it.Frequency Every 30 minutes to pop up.Impact People will see this advert and greater awareness will be created and hopefully more interest will occur, resulting in a viral word of mouth spread over the internet, possibly reaching people who can help.2.6.3 Medium three post ers (at universities)(a) This medium was selected as many university students are encouraged to be more actively involved in the community and in charities, as well as may raise further awareness in future bewilders. Page 15(b) It contributes to internal integration throughReach tout ensemble students on campus will see it.Frequency Students to and fro from classes.Impact Students who are caring will pay attention to these posters and will further raise awareness about the home and may even help themselves.2.6.4 Medium four newspaper advertisement(a) This medium was selected as many business owners based in Pretoria read these newspapers for general knowledge about the coarse and daily issues that may influence the running of their businesses. (b) It contributes to internal integration throughReach All Sunday Times and Pretoria News newspaper readers. Frequency Every day and every Sunday.Impact Readers will gain increased awareness to enable them to enact further.2.7 Produce the communication existent(For the purpose of seeing the media activities as a whole, they will start on the next page.)Page 162.7.1 Design the four activitiesBillboardHOW WOULD YOU line up IF YOU WERE APART OF THE Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children??? Abandoned, Abused, Orphaned, Handicapped divine service THEM, HELP YOURSELFFacebook AdvertThe Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children is a place of asylum for disabled and abused children. They need support from the South African community to ensure that these abandoned, abused, orphaned and handicapped children carry on receiving the supportive life style they need and deserve. Help now through donating for this great cause of memory our children safe. YOU can be that difference in THEIR livesPosterTumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children Awareness Campaign Fundraising for CHILDREN in need. How would YOU feel-ABANDONEDORPHENEDABUSED handicapYOU would also want a place of refugeHELP NOW- seize Mr.S olly Khuthama on (011) 261 1868Newspaper AdvertisementTumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children is a non-profit organisation that is in ever constant need of support from the South African community. Will YOU be the difference in the lives of these abandoned, abused, orphaned and handicapped children?2.7.2 Explain how each activity contributes to the big idea Each media contains the phraseology help children that are abandoned, abused, orphaned and handicapped which is the big idea for this communication campaign. 1. The billboards meaning to catch passers-bys attention to raise awareness for the children of Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children. By helping them, you help yourself be a better person by societys standards. 2. The Facebook advert is aimed at creating awareness about funding needed for the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children and how these special children need help for the readers. 3. The poster helps raise awareness and educates viewers of the big idea through its catch phrases emboldened, catching attention to remind people of others needs other than their own. 4. The newspaper advertisement contributes to the big idea as it appeals emotionally through the catch phrase, intercommunicate people to help donate to ensure the childrens safety.2.8 Proof of legitimacyPlease refer to APPENDIX CSOURCES CONSULTEDBooksAdvertising and Public Relations. 2012. lone(prenominal) Study Guide for COM3708. Pretoria UNISA Advertising and Public Relations, COM3708, Tutorial letter 101/3/2013. Department of Communication Sciences. Pretoria UNISA Angelopulo, GC & Barker, R. (eds). 2013. Integrated organisational communication. Lansdowne Juta. CMNALLE Tutorial Letter 301/4/2013APPENDIX A affectionately Miss Mpho and Mr. Solly,I wish to confirm the telephonic conversation and the succeeding meeting that took place.During the interview which took place on Thursday, 4th April 2013, at your offices, the pursuit was agreed up on- The communication campaign will focus specifically on raising awareness about your organization and its need for urgent funding.This will be accomplished through the following proposed steps- a Your organization and where this community is situated.b Creating the proposed campaign through identifying the different key issues faced by the Tumelo Children Home. c 4x media draft versions to create public awareness of your plight.As I am a student of UNISA, I will not be implementing my research unfortunately, yet your organization will receive pic through the interviews and questionnaires I will conduct during this time, about peoples and companies awareness of your home, and its many needs associated with the care of handicapped children.You are welcome to use any of my planning and research to assist you in any way you concur fit. If you do decide to use any of my suggestions and recommendations, I would be glad if you would let me know what section/syou have used and the outc omes thence as this will help me with future work.Any photography used in this portfolio is strictly confidential and anonymous, with only the marker/s of UNISA, my internal lecturer and myself seeing them, and will in no way be used in any manner unbefitting and will be used only with your consent.Thank you again for your willingness to work together with me and the overlap of your information. I will send the finished product if you so wish.I look forward to working with you both and if you have any other questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to butt me. Please accept my grateful thanks for consenting to see me and for the time go across discussing my proposals.APPENDIX BN.P.O. 016 874The following questionnaire is specifically for the use of a UNISA portfolio about an integrated communication campaign based on the Tumelo Home for the Mentally Handicapped Children. The recorded results are completely anonymous. Please circle the shed light on option where relevant.What is your position in your company?Owner DirectorAPPENDIX CN.P.O. 016 874PBO 93001854108 April 2013To Whom It May ConcernCara GraterTumelo Home is situated in Ivory Park settlement .MIDRAND, it is a home for profound mentally and physically handicapped children, 75% of our children are either abandoned, orphaned or abused from home, at present Tumelo Home is catering for 100%, black and disadvantaged children with severe mental retardation and physical disabilities.TUMELO HOME has created 20 job opportunities to previously disadvantaged persons (amongst them is 17 women, 1 person with disability).We hereby go past the above student to use our organisation to do her school project. She is a warm person and dedicated. During our interview, she was coming up with exciting ideas and she showed initiative. We were please to have met her and are very honoured to help her, so that she can help us.As an organisation, we feel that the communication campaign will be helpful because as an NGO we need exposure and for people to know about the grade of people we are taking care of, to learn about their civilize and be able to appreciate them. So we feel like this project is going to be a great help to us.M.S. KhuthamaManager Rev. H.S. Mpshe Chairman Dr. G.M. Thindisa Dep-chairman T.M Malatji Treasurer E. shadung Secretary R. MadibogoDep-Secretary B. Matlala, M.B. Lefophana Page 25N.P.O. 016 874PBO 930018541For any further information, please do not hesitate to contact us.Yours sincerely,Mr. Solly. M .KhuthamaTUMELO HOME MANAGERM.S. KhuthamaManager Rev. H.S. Mpshe Chairman Dr. G.M. Thindisa Dep-chairman T.M Malatji Treasurer E. shadung Secretary R. MadibogoDep-Secretary B. Matlala, M.B. Lefophana Page 26APPENDIX D EAbove View of Ivory Park- MidrandBelow Close up of Ivory Park- Midrand

Psychological Contract in the Contemporary Organisation Essay

Every human being is an unique individual. This is an undeniable fact, olibanum disposals submit to explore the various antecedences of the mental dumbfounds among employees and the organisation. Employees give up contrastive perceptions and thinking over the concept of mental contracts. coevals Y is shtup gormandiseing up the positions in contemporary organisations. Therefore, what be the influencers revolve nigh this power craving group of people?Research has concluded that employees and employers have different perceptions on seam support and choices (Attridge 2009, 392 Kahn 1990, 708) and even job mirth (McShane and Travaglione 2007, 180). Employee disengagement has been occurring more(prenominal)(prenominal) and more often nowadays (Bates 2004, 44). Employee engagement is well standoffed with the result of the organisation (Medlin and Green 2009, 948 Harter, Schmidt and Killham 2003, 27), where employee disengagement may event unsatisfactory employee achi evement leading to undesirable organisational advancement and financial development.Because of these, organisations should canvas the psychological contracts betwixt them and the employees, especially that of the Generation Y. mental Contracts Ppsychological contract is define as ones beliefs about sh atomic number 18d responsibilities and commitments in the frame achievement of the affinity between employees and the organization (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220). Cyril (2004, 1) mentioned that psychological contracts be the employees mindset about what they look previous to from the organization and what they feel they should commit to the organization.The psychological contracts emphasize more on the relationship between an employee and employer as a whole rather than traditional compensation issues (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220). The concepts of the psychological contract ar commitments particularly based on perceived obligations by the former(a)s (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220). Whether well expressed or non, the perceived obligations develop commitment and responsibility that must be executed for the contract to be affirmed (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220).For instance, the organization making use of a relational psychological contract is responsible to beak for the individual fairly, provide hazard large-minded functional conditions, allow employees justifiable personal epoch, and provide adequate materials to sue their job. On the contrary, the employee is responsible to accomplish wedded tasks, display a ordained attitude, boost the reputation of the society, and abide corporate policy (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220).Given so, these obligations do not only encompass on the quantity of work is to be carried out for a certain amount of pay, but also set out in the whole pattern of rights, privileges, and obligations between employee and organisation (Mario Pepur, Sandra Pepur, and Dr. Ljiljana Vid ucic 2010, 231). For instance, after fortune the company for a number of years, the employee may expect the company not to fire him and similarly, the company may expect that the worker not to speck companys reputation or leak out mystic secrets to rival companies(Mario Pepur, Sandra Pepur, and Dr. Ljiljana Viducic 2010, 231).Expectations as such argon not transcribed into contractual agreement between employees and organisation, yet they work as power determinants of behavior (Mario Pepur, Sandra Pepur, and Dr. Ljiljana Viducic 2010, 231). Literature Review No doubt, the theory on psychological was constituted in the 1960 by Argyris (Cyril 2004, 1), it is still highly applicable in straight discharges context. Rothbards (2001, 656) empirical study shows that there is a relationship between psychological contracts and employee engagement.Rothbard (2001, 656) mentioned that attention is the psychological presence and the time exhausted by the employee contemplating about h is responsibilities at work, while absorption is concerned with the tenderheartedness of employee to put emphasis on the responsibilities on duties. It is believed that the psychological contract is mainly an appropriate and impactful construct that can aid explain, and inform effective commission of, contemporary academic work performance and workplace relations (Grant, Branka and David 2010, 6).The psychological contract can help both employee and employer to educe aw arness on contemporary enjoyment relationships indeed, it has been debated that perceived obligations within the psychological contract are usually more vital to work related attitudes and behaviour than are the official and explicit elements of contractual acknowledgement (Grant, Branka and David 2010, 6-7). Employees trust that the employer has the obligations to facilitate them the pastime career advancement, incremental salary, alary based on the afoot(predicate) works(a) efficiency, upgrading, safe long- term employment, opportunities to build their career as well as support in case personal problems occur (Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana 2010, 233). On the other hand, the employees believe that they have the following obligations towards their employer working overtime, staying loyal, pickings initiative to bear away up new responsibilities at work, providing a beforehand notice when taking another position, be ready for transfer, rejecting support to rivalry, protecting confidential company information, spending a minimum of two years doing the routine (Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana 2010, 233). some studies indicated that personal and psychological factors have significant influence on employees, including biologic factors and the work attitudes of employees (Hung-Wen 2010, 92). Hung-Wen (2010, 92) mentioned that Yu suggested work attitude is the direct of organizational identification, the levels of interests in current jobs and overall job satisfaction. Therefore, this r esearch explains job satisfaction and work social function as its two variables (Hung-Wen 2010, 92). Job SatisfactionJob satisfaction is an appraisal of the work and job context by employees (McShane and Travaglione 2007, 116 Spector 1997, 2). Little and Little (2006, 115) deemed job satisfaction as an enjoyable experience or positive ablaze condition . They agreed with the research done by Kreitner & Kinicki in 2004 that job satisfaction is associated with job involvement, organizational behaviours and commitment (Little and Little 2006, 115). In an adverse effect, it is also associated with turnover and stress.Similarly, experimental studies on 7,939 business units in 36 organizations find out that job satisfaction concludes employee engagement, and are forecasting organisation progression (Harter, Schmidt and Hayes 2002, 268). The extended studies by Harter, Schmidt and Hayes (2002, 268) states that it is life-or-death to constantly stress on the degree of employee engagem ent and contented and sharp employees would be very much motivated in the organisation (McShane and Travaglione 2007, 180).Poornima (2009, 35) has devoted a hypothesis that statistically, there is a strong relationship between age and difference between expectation and fulfillment levels of employees with regard to financial and non-monetary compensation practices followed by the organizations (Poornima 2009, 35). The result shown that those aged between 25to28 are not responding positively to monetary motivation. Research shown 85% of the young people motive progressive management to inspire them and 52% of them think that the managers are not helping in their development (Robin 2007, 34).Kim (2007, 154) agrees with (Henry 2006, 11) that Generation Y is motivated by the chances to grow and develop, thusly they wel fix comments and feedback. Therefore, Generation Y would expect organisation to enrol them with upbringing and development program, as well as providing them with f eedback for improvement. impuissance to do so, goal is not achieved, thus motivation of Generation Y decrease. With that, these create job dissatisfaction in Generation Y. Taking consideration of Poomima and Kims studies, Generation Y is a group of people who are more intrinsically driven rather than monetarily motivated. do Involvement In right aways context, organisation should anticipate expectations of their employees through their psychological contracts if they want to gain their loyalty (Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana 2010, 236). Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana (2010, 236) agrees to Rousseau that the main difference between new and old psychological contracts lies in the lack of job security. She proves this by quoting an employee of a telecommunication company who says that It used to be that working for the company meant being part of a family (Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana 2010, 236).As organisation moves towards the modern era, the younger generations are beginning to fi ll up most of the positions. Tulgan (2009, 3) shared that Generation Y is so utmost the hardest generation to manage. While organisation expects employee to stay loyal to the company, Generation Y, a group with high expectation and believe in their capability tends to toss jobs to satisfy their hunger for fast career advancement (Tulgan 2009, 3). Another impart factor to the frequent job switch is the Generation Ys expectation they are constantly looking out for jobs that provide training (Sue and David 2008, 368).Sara and Ans (2010, 256) have come up with two hypothesizes. The level of careerism forget be emphatically related with psychological contract expectations in account of job description, employment development, training, and monetary rewards. The level of careerism will be cynically related with psychological contract expectations in account of social environment, work-life fit, and employment assurance (Sara and Ans 2010, 256). The first hypothesis does unsex sense as the three factors mentioned act as a motivator to increase the level of careerism.However, the second hypothesis is countered by the research of Sue and David (2008, 368) which points out that although Generation Y has a desire for defined goals and managerial reinforcement in what is to be done, they also crave for autonomy and flexibility in closing making process. Furthermore, despite being autonomous, they are viewed as being emotionally needy and consequently, continuously looking for acknowledgement and commendation. In terms of work, they are power thirst. However, they do look upon work life balance and if given a choice will choose family and friends rather than work.military rating Given the unique characteristics of Generation Y, it is difficult for the organization to determine their psychological contract with the organization, thus making it a challenge for the organization to come up with strategies to motivate and retain these potential job switchers. Demanding f or power in workplace, yet craving for work life balances organizations have to come up with plan to satisfy these employees before they can be aligned and work towards the same goal. Event such as Bring Your Child to Work promotes work life balance yet not disrupting the normal working procedure.Organizations can consider such event to strike a balance for the employees. Employee disengagement is one of the crucial explanations for organization turnover. With this getting more and more common in the organization (Pech and Slade 2006, 22), management should seek to understand the reasons behind the dissatisfaction and explore the psychological contract between them and the employees to reduce the possible unhappiness, thus creating a conducive work environment. Conclusion The concept of psychological contracts is characterised by dynamic features.They are continuously adjusted to new trends in the working environment. A triumphant resolution to the productive handling of employee en gagement kicks off with recognition of the uniqueness of each employee. Accessing the factors influencing their needs and perception after presuming that employees are engaged is an fallacious way and is not very much encouraged. Psychological contracts can encompass various areas such as work involvement and job satisfaction. However, psychological contracts involve many other factors.For instance, human resource practices such as employees relation and welfare, training and development, and compensation and benefits (Saks 2006, 613). Therefore, effective cause of psychological contracts would require organisations to contemplate the perception of individual employees towards the influencing variables. Franking speaking, how many organisations are prepared to go for the extra mile for the employees? Even though the organizations may acknowledge the significance of psychological contracts, it is intricate to get to a reciprocal understanding for both the organisation and employee. Organisations may only see the link between the understandings of psychological contracts in both aspects with beneficiary outcomes as a theoretical model, thus are not convinced that their employees can make it happen. Every employee is unique. They have different needs and perceptions in terms of psychological contracts with the organisation, which may also change over time. This would also mean that the organizations have to take into consideration of the incalculable factors catering to the different employees. Is this cost and time efficient?Management would rather spend the time on the operations and focus on the visible and instant results. Nevertheless, there are organizations that are still prepared to spend their effort working on psychological aspect in employees. Personally, I feel that understanding of psychological contract is essential to organization success. However, it is very much reliant on the diffusion of time, effort and loyalty of the organizations to form a successful understanding and connective of the psychological contracts between themselves and their employees.

Korematsu v. United States

IntroductionToyosaburo Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), is considered to be the most(prenominal) important of the Nipponese-American sideslips because it upheld the forced animadversion of loyal citizens. The case was clear-cut by a 6 to 3 majority vote by the arbiters to sustain Korematsus conviction for censure hostel violation. justness Hugo dispirited authored the majority doctrine. The dissenter in the ending among otherwises was Justice Frank spud. If situations arise in which juristic reasoning overrides the shelter of a narrative, it may be clock time for the decision makers to reformulate the constabulary. The Justices in Korematsu, in making their decision had the authority to use the law as they did, still they as well had the authority to go the other direction and key out down the wrongful actions of the organisation. The following opinions of the tap fully explain the facts of the case.bulk picture Justice contrabandJustice be nighted, considered at the time to be the civil libertarian of the judicial system, delivered the majority opinion in Korematsu v. United States, upholding the conviction of Fred Korematsu. He began by stating that all jural restrictions which curtail the civil ripe(p)s of a single racial group be straightawayly suspect (Korematsu 216). He past qualified this statement by asserting that not all such restrictions are un native, just that they should be subject to the most rigid scrutiny (216).Black then laid the legal ground run short for the case by reciting the copulationional Act, which Korematsu is accused of knowingly and confessedly violating. Korematsu is convicted of violating the Congressional Act sanctioned via Executive Order No. 9066, requiring all possible protection against espionage and sabotage through national defense, and then apply via soldiery Exclusion Order 34, requiring the ejection of all those of Japanese etymologizing from designated forces zo nes (216).Justice Black then revealed the case context by explaining the causality on which Korematsu would rely. In the series of war machine sanctifys, the first violation was the curfew array. The positive Court upheld this conviction in the preceding case of Kiyoshi Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 (1944). Black explained that the both the Hirabayashi conviction and the Korematsu conviction are upheld by the analogous Act of Congress, aimed at protection against sabotage and espionage.The Act was repugn as unconstitutional by the prayer in Hirabayashi because it was beyond the war occasions of the government, and that the curfew order was aimed at only citizens of Japanese ancestry, and therefore discriminatory (217). Justice Black cont finish that these arguments were seriously considered, but that the curfew order was upheld as necessary government legal community of sabotage and espionage threatened by Japanese attack (217).Acknowledging that censure is a far greater deprivation than the curfew, Black remained supportive of the soldiers governing because the Court was unable to prove that ejection of those of Japanese ancestry was beyond the war mightiness at the time that it occurred (218). He rented the exclusion has a definite and close relationship with the prevention of sabotage and espionage (218). The petitioner disputed the assumptions on which the Hirabayashi opinion rested and contended that by May, when the exclusion was ordered, there was no longer danger of invasion (218).Black flatly rejected these careens, reciting Hirabayashi, we cannot reject as un lay downed the judgment of the military authorities and of Congress that there were disloyal members of that population, whose number and strength could not be precisely and quickly determinemost of whom we have no doubt were loyal to this country (218-219). To the petitioners bang of group discrimination, Black answered that the Court sustained exclusion of the self-coloured group because it could not reject the militarys contention that immediate separation of the loyal from disloyal was impossible (219).The next mess of the majority opinion speaks to the petitioners and dissenters arguments against the government by adult an account and business relationship of the pertinent dates that were in question as ill-fitting of the militarys assertions and the decision of the court. One of the counter arguments to the absolute majority opinion was that on May 30, 1942, when Korematsu was charged with remaining in the prohibited field of operation, there were unconnected orders forbidding him both not to leave and to remain in the area (220). Justice Black refuted this argument by stating that the March 27, 1942 order express that it was in effect until further direction from a subsequent order. The exclusion order was that subsequent order, which was given on May 3, 1942 and was to be enacted by May 9.Citing to a greater extent importa nt information concerning the dates, Justice Black explicitly conceded that before the exclusion was to take place on May 9, an way to promulgate to an assembly center upon evacuation was issued, to insure the orderly evacuation and resettlement of Japanese voluntarily migrating from military area No. 1 to restrict and regulate such migration (221). On May 19, 1942, before Korematsu was arrested, the military issued an order that provided for detention of those of Japanese ancestry in assembly or relocation centers, and so it was argued that the exclusion order could not be considered severally from the detention order (221). Justice Black refuted the notion that the Court moldiness pass on the whole detention program when only the exclusion charge is before them (221).The majority insist that since Korematsu was not convicted of failing to shroud to or remain in an assembly center, that they could not determine the validity of the separate order (222). Speaking on the issu e, Black stated that, It result be time enough to decide the serious constitutional issues which the petitioner seeks to raise when an assembly or relocation order is applied or is certain to be applied to him and we have its terms before us (222).Justice Blacks opinion spoke to the argument of racial discrimination in consideration of the fact that there had been no curtilage of Korematsus disloyalty. Black denied that the order was found on racial prejudice. He implied a more complex situation, due to wartime, by stating that the Courts task would be simple and its calling clear were this a case involving the imprisonment of a loyal citizen in a concentration camp because of racial prejudice. Black added that, regardless of the true character of the assembly and relocation centerswe are dealings specifically with nothing but an exclusion order. (223).Finally, the majority opinion ended with the issue of military deference. Due to the militarys fear of invasion, they the mil itary decided that the situation demanded segregation of the citizens of Japanese ancestry, and Congress determined that they should have the power to do this (223). Ironically Black stated that, Korematsu was not excluded from the phalanx electron orbit because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire (223). Black ended by asserting that from the quieten attitude of hindsight, the Court cannot say that at that time these actions were unjustified (223).Dissenting Opinion Justice MurphyJustice Murphys opinion can be referred to as the most scathing criticism of the three dissents, with his argument based on the charge of racism. First, Justice Murphy mentioned that the plea of military need for the exclusion came in the absence of warriorlike law, and so should have been approved (233). He asserted that such exclusion goes beyond constitutional power into the ugly abysm of racism (233).Justice Murphy acknowledged the need t o consider the reasoning of Military authority during war, and stated that their judgments should not be overruled lightly by those who may not have access to all of the military intelligence (233). He believed, however that there should be limits where martial law has not been tell (233). He claimed that somebody(a)s could not be stripped of their rights by military necessity that has neither substance nor support (233). Murphy explicitly reserved the right of the juridical branch to judge the validity of military discretion.Murphy cited the traditional judicial test of military discretion in depriving rights in various Court precedents Whether the deprivation is reasonably related to a semipublic danger that is so immediate, imminent, and impending as not to admit of delay and not to take into account the intervention of ordinary constitutional surgical operationes to alleviate the danger (234). He then pointed to the verbiage of the exclusion order having used the phrase al l someone of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien, and declared it insufficient to meet the immediate danger criteria, calling it obvious racial discrimination (234).The order divest those within its scope of their Fifth Amendment rights of equal protection (235). The order also deprived them of due process, because it excluded them without hearings and deprived them of being able to live and work where they choose and move about freely (235). Justice Murphy base no correlation between the exclusion and immediate danger, citing it as a racial restriction that brought about more sweeping and complete deprivations of constitutional rights in the history of this nation in the absence of martial law (235).Justice Murphy conceded that there was a fear of invasion, sabotage and espionage at the time on the Pacific Coast, and that credible military action would have been set aside however, the exclusion, either temporarily or permanently, of all someones with Japanese blood in their veins has no such reasonable relation (235). The military reasons, he states, relied on the assumptions that all those of Japanese ancestry have a dangerous drift to commit sabotage and espionage and to aid our Japanese antagonist in other ways (235).Justice Murphys opinion specifies the incongruent relationship of military necessity and immediate danger by reviewing the text of General DeWitts final report. He found that the report erroneously assumes racial wickedness rather than military necessity. Murphy used as an example the terminology of DeWitt, who refers to all individuals of Japanese descent as subverter, as belonging to an enemy race whose racial strains are undiluted, and as constituting over 112,000 potential enemiesat large today along the Pacific Coast (236).In the report, Murphy found no reliable evidence of disloyalty, using either general or menacing conduct of the Japanese aliens and citizens (236). Murphy claimed that justification is sought, instead, mainly upon problematic racial and sociological grounds not ordinarily within the ground of expert military judgment (236-237). He proceeded to cover and dispute the evidence provided by General DeWitt.Justice Murphys opinion continued with more unverified information used in the Generals report to the Government. He methodically included footnotes behind each of DeWitts assertions, which cited studies that refuted socialization claims, clarified reasons for dual citizenship and other claims, and also pointed out statements made that were based on pure speculation. Justice Murphy thereby disproved a reasonable relation between the group characteristics of Japanese-Americans and the dangers of invasion, sabotage and espionage (239).Acknowledging the long-standing racial discrimination of the group, Justice Murphy chastised the military for having based its decision on racial and sociological judgments when every charge relative to race, religion, culture, geographical location, a nd legal and economic spot has been substantially discredited by independent studies made by experts in these matters (240).Justice Murphy then directed his opinion to a discussion of individual delinquency, which is recognized by the United States, as opposed to group guilt. He stated that there are some disloyal individuals who are among those of Japanese ancestry, just as there are among those of German and Italian ancestry, but to cite examples of individual disloyalty as indicative of group disloyalty is discriminatory (240). This process, he continued, denies our legal system that is based on deprivation of rights for individual guilt (240).There were no adequate reasons given by the military not to enshroud Japanese-Americans like German-Americans and Italian-Americans, and hold investigations and hearings on an individual basis in order to separate the loyal from the disloyal (241). Murphy cited the inconsistency between the claim that time was of the essence, and the t ime spot it took for the enactment of orders. The exclusion order was issued quaternity months after Pearl Harbor, the last order was issued eight months later, and the last of these subversive persons was not actually removed until almost eleven months had elapsed (241). backwardness was more of the essence than speed (241).Murphy emphasized the suspect representation of spurring when conditions were not such as to warrant a declaration of martial law (241). Murphy held that within this time period and in these plenty it would have been possible to hold loyalty hearings for at least the 70,000 American citizens peculiarly when a large part of this number represented children and sr. men and women (242). As evidence to this, Murphy cited the fact that during a six-month period the British set up hearing boards and summoned and examined 74,000 Germans and Austrians (Korematsu Footnote 16).Finally, Justice Murphy ends his opinion in a declaration of dissentI dissent, therefore, from this legalization of racism. Racial discrimination in each form and in any degree has no justifiable part whatever in our egalitarian way of life. It is unattractive in any setting but it is perfectly revolting among a free people who have embraced the principles set aside in the Constitution of the United States. (242)Discussion and SummaryThe decision set one of the gravest precedents in history for the United States. Since then, efforts at redress have been made in the form of minimal monetary compensation, congressional acts allowing Asian immigrants to become accomplished citizens, and Presidential apologies. Fred Korematsu received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in January of 1998 for his bravery in standing up to an unjust deprivation of liberty. The Korematsu case is a constant reminder to Americans that civil liberties for all citizens must be especially protected under adverse conditions, even in the side of meat of public opposition and wrongful governmen t action.Korematsu vs. United States is one of the best examples of the dogmatic Court deferring to military and government authority, even under conditions that the Court itself realizes are suspicious. The Majority Court purposely avoided ruling on the whole process of exclusion, evacuation, and internment set by the military and sanctioned by the government before Fred Korematsus arrest. The narrow parameters in which they ruled were highly suspect because Fred Korematsu along with the rest of the ethnic Japanese were mandated to abide by the whole process intended by the military and the government to be a program.The Justice Blacks opinion make it clear that Majority do not intend to question the reasoning of the government and military, but only to suppose that they have one and therefore that the order is valid. The Majority leans on the context of war to legitimize their decision. The Justice Murphys opinion targets distinct and relative issues. He comments on the racial n ature of the decision while focusing separately on the indivisibility of the exclusion order from the program, the lack of evidence to back the militarys report, and the danger of constitutionally endorsing the Majority decision.The Korematsu Court, acting as final judge of the entire episode, allowed those with power to decide the prevailing value in its ruling. Their decision was not concordant with their duty. Justice Black, in the majority opinion, makes two strong references that reveal the Courts intent not to question the values of those in power. In the first reference, they reject Korematsus arguments and rest on precedent by quoting Hirabayashi we cannot reject as unfounded the judgement of the military authorities and of Congress that their were disloyal members of the population (Korematsu 218). The Court never answers why they cannot reject the militarys assertions, which were weak and lacking in any concrete evidence.In the randomness statement, Justice Black says o n the Courts behalf that, we cannot-by availing ourselves of the calm status of hindsight-now say that at that time these actions were unjustified (Korematsu 224). Again, no plausible explanation was provided. The nature of trials is such that many times they are conducted in the calm perspective of hindsight and their duty and purpose is to determine whether or not there is justification for the actions of those involved. Justice Murphy dutifully reviewed the military findings, and in doing so foundNo reliable evidence is cited to show that such individuals were mostly disloyal, or had generally so conducted themselves in this area as to prepare a special menace to defense installations or war industries, or had otherwise by their behavior furnished reasonable ground for their exclusion as a group. (Korematsu 236)Public opinion and political pressure were the initiators of the government actions, however, government and military officials were the ones who made the decisions to act on those pressures. Worse yet, in the face of this influence and power, the 1944 unconditional Court displayed the same negative value of racism as the populace by shamefully failing in their duty to remain impartial and pass judgment based on the constitutionality of the individuals conviction. From the perspective of the Majority of the 1944 Supreme Court, the issues involved in the Korematsu case were based purely on their own and the governments motives. The Supreme Court Majority completely lacked consideration for the value of the Japanese person perspective in the United States.ReferencesToyosaburo Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944). Available at laws.findlaw.com/us/323/214.html

Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Six

I dont know how you could possibly be bored, Savitri express to me, sway on an manifestation deck rail as we looked out from genus genus phoenix Station to the Magellan. This place is great.I looked everywhere at her with mock suspicion. Who be you, and what constitute you d bingle with Savitri Guntupalli?I dont know what you mean, Savitri said, blandly.The Savitri I know was sardonic and bitter, I said. You are all gushy, like a schoolgirl. T presentfore Youre non Savitri. You are some horrible spunky camouflaged alien thing, and I hate you.Point of order, Savitri said. Youre a schoolgirl, and you hardly ever gush. Ive known you for geezerhood and I dont believe I have ever seen you involved in a gushing incident. You are al virtually entirely gush-free.Fine, you gush charge more than a schoolgirl, I said. Which on the dot take fors it worse. I hope youre happy.I am, Savitri said. Thank you for noticing.Hrrrumph, I said, rolled my eyes for extra effect, and applied mys elf to the observation deck rail with renewed moodiness.I was not actually harried with Savitri. She had an excellent reason to be excited all her life shed been on Huckleberry and now, finally, she was somewhere else on Phoenix Station, the space station, the largest single thing human beings had ever built, hovering above Phoenix, the home planet of the entire Colonial Union. For as spacious as I had known her which was for as long as she had been my dads assistant, back in New Goa, on Huckleberry Savitri had cultivated an air of superior general smart-assery, which is one reason I adored her and looked up to her. One has to have role models, you know.But subsequently we had lifted from Huckleberry her excitement from finally acquiring to see more of the universe had gotten to her. Shed been unguardedly excited astir(predicate) everything she regular(a) got up early to watch the Magellan, the ship that would take us to Roanoke, dock with Phoenix Station. I was happy for h er that she was so excited more or less everything, and I mocked her mercilessly for it every chance I got. One day, yes, there would be requital Savitri taught me much of what I know about being a smartass, only if not everything she knew about it tho until consequently it was one of the few things make out me entertained.Listen Phoenix Station is huge, its busy, and unless you have an actual job or like Savitri are that in from the sticks there is nothing exhalation on. Its not an amusement park, its secure a big dull crew of government offices, docks and military headquarters, all jammed into space. If it werent for the fact that stepping outside to charter some fresh air would kill you no fresh air, except lung-popping vacuum it could be any big, faceless, dead-boring civic center anywhere humankind pass off together to do big, faceless, dead-boring civic things. It is not designed for fun, or at least any sort of fun I was fire in having. I suppose I coul d have depositd something. That would have been a kick.Savitri, in addition to being insensibly excited not to be on Huckleberry, was also being worked like a dog by John and Jane The three of them had spent nearly all their fourth dimension since we arrived at Phoenix Station getting up to speed on Roanoke, learn about the colonists who would be with us, and overseeing the loading of supplies and equipment onto the Magellan. This didnt come as news to me, but it did leave me with not a whole lot to do, and no one much to do it with. I couldnt even do much with Hickory, Dickory, or Babar Dad told Hickory and Dickory to lay low while we were on Phoenix Station, and dogs werent really allowed the run of the station. We had to lay out paper towels for Babar to do his thing on. The first night I did this and tried to get him to take keeping of business, he gave me a look that said you have got to be kidding. Sorry, buddy. at once pee, damn it.The only reason I was getting some time with Savitri at all was that through a clever combination of whining and wrong-doing I had convinced her to take her lunch break with me. Even then she had brought her PDA and spent half of lunch going over manifests. She was even excited about that. I told her I thought she might be ill.Im sorry youre bored, Savitri said, back in the present. You might deficiency to hint to your parents. depone me, I did, I said. Dad actually stepped up, too. He said hes going to take me down to Phoenix. Do some last-minute shopping and new(prenominal) things. The other things were the main reason for us to go, but I didnt want to bring them up to Savitri I was moody enough as it was.You havent come across any other colonists your own age yet? Savitri asked.I shrugged. Ive seen some of them.But you havent spoken to any of them, Savitri said.Not really, I said.Because youre shy, Savitri said. instantaneously your sarcasm comes back, I said.Im sympathetic to your ennui, Savitri said. But less s o if youre just marinating in it. She looked around at the observation desk, which had a few other people in it, sitting or reading or complete(a) out at the ships docked at the station. What about her? she said, transfering to a girl who looked about my age, who was looking out the deck window.I glanced over. What about her? I said.She looks about as bored as you, Savitri said.Appearances can be deceiving, I said.Lets check, Savitri said, and originally I could stop her called to the other girl. Hey, Savitri said.Yes? the girl said.My friend here thinks shes the most bored teenage girl on the entire station, Savitri said, pointing at me. I had nowhere to cringe. I was wondering if you had anything to say about that.Well, the girl said, by and by a minute. I dont want to brag, but the quality of my boredom is outstanding.Oh, I like her, Savitri said to me, and then waved the girl over. This is Zoe, she said, introducing me. I can talk, I said to Savitri.Gretchen, she said, exten ding her hand to me.Hello, I said, taking it.Im interested in your boredom and would like to hear more, Gretchen said.Okay, I thought. I like her too.Savitri smiled. Well, since you two appear to be equally matched, I have to go, she said. There are containers of disfigurement conditioners that need my attention. She gave me a peck, waved to Gretchen, and left.Soil conditioners? Gretchen said to me, after she had gone.Its a long story, I said.Ive got nothing but time, Gretchen said.Savitri is the assistant to my parents, who are heading up a new colony, I said, and pointed to the Magellan. Thats the ship were going on. One of Savitris jobs is to make sure that everything thats on the manifest list actually gets put on the ship. I guess shes up to soil conditioners.Your parents are John Perry and Jane Sagan, Gretchen said.I stared at her for a minute. Yeah, I said. How do you know?Because my dad dialogue about them a lot, she said, and motioned to ward the Magellan. This colony yo ur parents are leading? It was his idea. He was Eries part on the CU legislature, and for years he argued that people from established colonies should be able to colonize, not just people from Earth. Finally the Department of resolution agreed with him and then it gave the leadership of the colony to your parents instead of him. They told my dad it was a political compromise.What did your dad think about that? I asked.Well, I just met you, Gretchen said. I dont know what sort of language you can handle.Oh. Well, thats not good, I said.I dont think he hates your parents, Gretchen said, quickly. Its not like that. He just assumed that after everything he did, hed get to lead the colony. Disappointment doesnt even set off to cover it. Although I wouldnt say he likes your parents, either. He got a file on them when they were appointed and then spent the day muttering to himself as he read it.Im sorry hes disappointed, I said. In my head I was wondering if I needed to write Gretchen off as a possible friend one of those stupid our houses are at war scenarios. The first person my age I meet, going to Roanoke, and we were already in different camps.But then she said, Yeah, well. At a certain point he got a little stupid about it. He was analyse himself to Moses, like, Oh, Ive led my people to the promised land but I cant enter myself and here she made little hand movements to accentuate the point and thats when I resolute he was overreacting. Because were going, you know. And hes on your parents advisory council. So I told him to suck it up.I blinked. You actually used those words? I said.Well, no, Gretchen said. What I actually said was I wondered if I kicked a puppy if it would whine more than he did. She shrugged. What can I say. Sometimes he needs to get over himself.You and I are so totally going to be better(p) friends, I said.Are we? she said, and grinned at me. I dont know. What are the hours?The hours are terrible, I said. And the pay is even worse. Will I be treated dismally? she asked.You will cry yourself to sleep on a nightly basis, I said.Fed crusts? she asked.Of course not, I said. We feed the crusts to the dogs.Oh, very nice, she said. Okay, you pass. We can be best friends.Good, I said. Another life decision taken care of.Yes, she said, and then moved away from the rail. Now, come on. No point waste all this attitude on ourselves. Lets go find something to point and caper at.Phoenix Station was a lot more interesting after that.